IELTS Writing Task 1: Process Diagram
Diyagramla gösterilen süreçlerin tasvirini yazma.The diagram below shows the main components of a hydroelectric dam and how they work together to generate electricity. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
How a Hydroelectric Dam Generates Electricity
Reservoir
Water is stored at a high elevation behind the dam wall, accumulating potential energy as the water level rises.
Intake Gate
A controlled gate at the base of the dam opens to allow water to flow into the system when electricity generation is required.
Penstock
Water flows rapidly downward through a large enclosed pipe called the penstock, gaining kinetic energy due to gravity.
Turbine
The fast-moving water strikes the blades of a turbine at the bottom of the penstock, causing it to spin at high speed.
Generator
The spinning turbine is mechanically connected to a generator via a shaft. The rotation produces alternating current (AC) electricity.
Power Lines
The generated electricity is stepped up in voltage by a transformer and transmitted via power lines to homes, businesses and industry.
Tailrace
Water that has passed through the turbine exits via the tailrace — a channel below the dam — and returns to the river downstream.